Stein BM, Tenner MS (1972) Enlargement of skull fracture in childhood due to cerebral herniation.
Sekhar LN, Scarff TB (1980) Pseudogrowth in skull fractures of childhood. Roy S, Sarkar C, Tandon PN, Banerji AK (1987) Cranio-cerebral erosion (growing fracture of the skull in children). Rosenthal SAE, Grieshop J, Freeman LM, Goldstein FP (1970) Experimental observations on enlarging skull fractures. Ramamurthi B, Kalyanaraman S (1970) Rationale for surgery in growing fractures of the skull. Nalls G, Lightfoot J, Lee A, Blackwell L (1990) Leptomeningeal cyst: nonenhanced and enhanced computed tomography findings. In: Matson DD (eds) Neurosurgery of infancy and childhood. Lye RH, Occleshaw JV, Dutton J (1981) Growing fracture of the skull and the role of computerized tomography. Lende RA, Erickson TC (1961) Growing skull fractures of childhood. In: Leestma JE, Kirkpatrick JB (eds) Forensic neuropathology. Leestma JE, Kirkpatrick JB (1988) Neuropathology of child abuse. Kingsley D, Till K, Hoare R (1978) Growing fractures of the skull. Johnson DL, Helman T (1995) Enlarging skull fractures in children. Hoffman HJ (1995) Editorial comment to: Enlarging skull fractures in children. Goldstein F, Sakoda T, Kepes JJ, Davidson K, Brackett CE (1967) Enlarging skull fractures: an èxperimental study. A complication of head injuries in infants and children. Philadelphia, pp 290–297Įpstein JA, Epstein BA, Small M (1961) Subepicranial hydroma. In: McLaurin RL, Schut L, Venes JL, Epstein F (eds) Pediatric neurosurgery: surgery of the developing nervous system. Pediatr Neurosurg 21:45–49Įisenberg HM, Briner RP (1989) Late complications of head injury. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 39:49–52ĭomingo Z, Peter JC, Villiers JC de (1994) Low-velocity penetrating craniocerebral injury in childhood. Child's Brain 8:161–172īen Jelloun R, Hammami A, Boukthir S, Hammou A, Jamel H, Khaldi M, Bennaceur B (1992) Skull fracture with progressive separation. Our experience, together with information in the neuropathological and neurosurgicla literature, suggests that cranial burst fracture is associated with severe trauma, requires expeditious treatment, and has been underdiagnosed in the past, leading to “growing skull fracture,” a condition requiring more extensive surgery.Īrseni C, Ciurea AV (1981) Clinotherapeutic aspects in the growing skull fracture: a review of the literature. Surgery (reduction of herniated cerebral tissue, repair of large dural laceration, and cranioplasty) was usually performed within 10 days of injury, a time period long enough to assure hemodynamic stability and resolution of acute cerebral swelling, yet sufficiently brief to avoid the chronic changes (scarring, parasitization of scalp vessels by damaged cortex) associated with a “growing skull fracture.” Prompt repair of cranial burst fracture may prevent ongoing brain injury such as has been neuropathologically demonstrated in patients with “growing skull fracture.” Magnetic resonance imaging establishes the diagnosis of cranial burst fracture in equivocal cases, rendering unnecessary a “waiting period” to see if scalp swelling resolves. The cause of injury in one patient remains unproven.
Twelve had a history consistent with severe injury (motor vehicle accident, 7, abuse 5). All presented with marked scalp swelling and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 10 or less. Infants ranged in age from 1 to 17 months, with an average age of 5.7 months. We treated 11 such infants at the LeBonheur Children's Medical Center and 2 at the Children's National Medical Center from January 1986 through December 1994. In the past, the diagnosis of “growing skull fracture” or “diastatic fracture” has included a subset of injuries better referred to as “cranial burst fracture.” Cranial burst fracture, typically associated with severe injury in infants less than 1 year of age, is a closed, widely diastatic skull fracture accompanied by acute cerebral extrusion outside the calvarium.
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